Government throughout History and throughout Different...

Government throughout history and throughout different cultures has changed from one system to another. People fight for power, and a steady government means usually means more prosperous times. When bad times come, power levels may increase, overthrows are enacted, and sometimes the system itself changes. Societies often go about this differently, and patters may be hard to find. However, one thing that history seems to show is that rich people dominant the government. Social classes have always been a part of society, and those who already have more money, education, and resources tend to be the one’s ruling over those who have less. Most people who rule are given extra resources and valuable because they rule. But the pattern that is seen throughout history shows people who already had much, getting power, instead of an average person getting to power, then becoming rich. Ancient Egypt was a society centered on the Nile River. It was geographically advantageous because the Nile allowed for food surplus and protection from invaders. The government was dynastic succession with a Pharaoh as the leader. Egypt is a good example of rich dominance in the government because no forms of regular people having a voice are seen. As one of the earlier, powerful, and united (by Menes of Upper and Lower Egypt) societies, Egypt had its time of economic prosperity. But, there was still a separation between standard of living in the commoners versus the government and religious leaders.Show MoreRelatedThe Immigration Act Of 1882900 Words   |  4 PagesWith the founding of the United States government, many Americans have expressed a variety of attitudes towards those who differ from the majority culture. Furthermore, as can be seen throughout America s history, one can pull many example of how Americans have acted towards the other. For instance, many Americans began to fear that the immigrants had been coming faster than they could become good Americans and be mad e part of American life which provides a way of seeing how Americans feltRead MoreDemocracy, Rights, Liberty, Opportunity, And Equality1589 Words   |  7 Pageswant; democracy is the form of government that most Americans think is the best. It allows every citizen to participate equally. Rights are the privileges that the government gives to the citizens (for example: the right to vote); opportunity means that everyone has the chance to do what they want with their lives whether it means improving it or not. At last, but not least, there is equality, which means that everyone must be treated fairly or justly. Throughout history, there have been many legalRead MoreArchitecture, Belief Systems, And Societal Structure957 Words   |  4 PagesCulture is a very important aspect of human life; it defines the way people live, grow, and evolve. Anthropologists study cultures throughout the world and throughout different time periods. They study the different aspects of culture including architecture, belief systems, and societal structure. Egypt is a country ripe with history and rich culture, from their towering pyramids to their modern day society. Intricately crafted obelisks and tombs decorate the landscape, but how much of that is beingRead MoreThe Common Themes Of Environmental Effects On Religion1565 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of many civilizations, certain characteristics have presented themselves and many of which have been recognized as a commonality in several societies. These frequently seen patterns in history provide important insights to the functions and behaviors of ancient civilizations. There are many commonalities that are existent in many civilizations, but three clearly emerge, as they are fundamental to many societies’ cultures. The common themes of environmental effects on religionRead MoreGreek and Roman civilizations1262 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Throughout history there have been many great empires, but none have made a greater impact than the Greek and Roman empires. These empires began as small city-states, and grew to become the powerful empires we know today. The Greek and Roman empires were not always enemies, considering the Romans were greatly influenced by the Greek culture. The two civilizations shared many similarities, but had different opinions on government operations. There are three different periods that spanRead MoreCultural Diversity1212 Words   |  5 Pageslot about cultural diversity that I was previously unaware of. Granted, I have always had at least a tolerance towards other cultures and ethnicities that were different from my own, but this class has helped me to learn more about those cultures and taught me to have more of an acceptance for those cultures rather than just tolerating them. I have also learned that all cultures, races, and ethnicities should have the chance to be understood and accep ted for who they are, rather than what the mediaRead MoreThe Argument Of Clash Of Civilians By Samuel Huntington999 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences in civilization when it comes to their culture, customs, religion, ethnicity, have been there for centuries and after the Cold War the politics among states is much less fundamental. Civilization is far more fundamental today and throughout time, civilization identity will continue to be a major component. Huntington also does not see westernization as a desirable surge that engulfs world politics. Conflict is very natural and history proves that argument. The author takes away focusRead MoreThe Political Culture Of Texas1272 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1: Political culture in Texas Throughout the world there are many diverse political cultures. A political culture is the attitudes, beliefs or practices among a group of likeminded individuals. (Giardino pg. 27) There are different categories that embrace a political culture like an Individualistic, traditionalistic and moralistic. An individualistic culture is one that prefers less government involvement. The traditionalists’ culture maintains government as the social and economic hierarchyRead MoreMusic Education And Its Impact On Education Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesAs you can see, music and dance are very influential in the culture of Brazil. Therefore, music education is also important in the lives of the Brazilian people. Children are exposed to music from an early age through family and community. Unfortunately, music education is not highly regarded in the school system. The amount of music education differs greatly by school and teachers. Most public schools do not have a special music teache r or department. In order to be well educated in music a studentRead MoreThe Changes Of The World s Civilizations1112 Words   |  5 PagesSeveral countries and cultures throughout history rise while others fall. Some countries invade while others are invaded. Numerous factors come into play when reviewing the history and the changes of the world’s civilizations. A prime example of a territory constantly invaded by empires until finally becoming its own country is Syria. Though Syria has faced many trials throughout its past, it faces several in the present. Syrian culture, economics, politics, and military advances have been contributions

What Is a Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (SULEV)

SULEV is an acronym for Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle. SULEVs are 90 percent cleaner than the current average years models, emitting substantially lower levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and particulate matter than conventional vehicles. The SULEV standard steps up the ULEV, Ultra Low Emission Vehicle standard.   Some PZEVs fall into this category by default. For instance, if you buy a Toyota Prius in California and fuel it up, its considered a Partially Zero Emissions Vehicle (PZEV), however, if you drive east and fuel it up over the next 2,500 miles its considered an SULEV  since Californias low sulfur gas formulations are not available everywhere. Origins of the Term The term originated in the United States Environmental Protection Agency, which uses SULEV to describe a class to vehicles meeting certain emissions standards. These standards are far stricter than those governing the classifications Low Emissions Vehicle (LEV) and Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV), while less strict than Californias PZEV and Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) standards. Part of the Clean Air Act of 1990, legislation involving this nomenclature was an initiative to lessen emissions as a result of high commuter traffic and American reliance on automobiles. Nissan, however, was the first to release an engine that qualified for the SULEV rating with its 2001 release of the Nissan Sentra.   Especially in the early 2010s, the increased interest in greener energy sparked a movement toward low-emission manufacturing with states like California pioneered the effort causing auto manufacturers to decrease their environmental impact. Modern Usage While the market for SULEVs is constantly expanding as the demand for better fuel efficiency and less impact on the environment continues to permeate most industries. The Honda Civic Hybrid, Ford Focus (SULEV model), Kia Forte and Hyundai Elantra all qualify as SULEV — with several also qualifying as PZEVs. Today, more than 30 makes and models qualify as SULEVs. These vehicles radically reduce the emissions created by traffic and congestion, often times producing zero emissions while they carry passengers about their lives.   Thanks to the 90% fewer emissions of these vehicles, the human impact on global warming is decreasing each year. Perhaps, in time, we may even move away from these highly efficient vehicles to ones that dont rely on gasoline at all.

Origin of Mass of Subatomic Particles Essay - 927 Words

This past October of 2013, Franà §ois Englert and Peter W. Higgs were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Physics for 2013. â€Å"For the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERNs Large Hadron Collider. Both Englert and Higgs proposed the theory of how particles acquire mass. It was 1964 when both men proposed this theory independently. It wasn’t until the year 2012, that both men had their ideas confirmed by discovery of the Higgs Boson particle (particle responsible for giving mass to objects) at the CERN laboratory in†¦show more content†¦These forces work over different ranges and have different strengths. That is to say, Gravity is the weakest; the electromagnetic force has infinite range but is much stronger than gravity. Three of the fundament al forces result from the exchange of force-carrier particles; these belong to a group of particles called -bosons. Particles of matter transfer discrete amounts of energy by exchanging bosons with each other (CERN). Each fundamental force has its own corresponding boson – the strong force is carried by the gluon, the electromagnetic force is carried by the photon, and the W and Z bosons coincide with the weak force (CERN). That is to say, The Standard Model includes the electromagnetic, strong and weak forces and all their carrier particles. This new particle was somewhat consistent with the Higgs boson, but it will take more research to actually determine if it is the same Higgs boson predicted by the original Standard Model. Being that protons are filled with subatomic particles like quarks, antiquarks, and gluons they rarely pass or collide with each other. That is to say, at a mass of about 125 GeV, the Higgs boson particle turned out to be approximately one hundred time s heavier than a proton. The Higgs boson particle showed that particles due have mass. This played a unique role in the StandardShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of The Higgs Boson1580 Words   |  7 Pageshowever the truth is never so simple. The Higgs Boson is the fundamental particle that gives everything mass. The standard model of physics depends on the Higgs Bosons existence. The Standard Model is an explanation for how the building blocks of the universe interact with matter(CERN Accelerating Science, The Standard Model). According to the Standard Model, All matter is made of elementary particles. Elementary particles are the building blocks of matter and are separated into two groups, LeptonsRead MoreA Brief History of Time Summary Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesBrief History of Time, Hawking touches upon seven topics in-depth while easily explaining them in a simple manner: our picture of the universe, space and time, the expanding universe, the uncertainty principle, elementary particles and the forces of nature, black holes, and the origin and fate of the universe. The first chapter, our picture of the universe, Hawking gives a small amount of background information pertaining to how the current picture was developed. Aristotle, one of the first scientistsRead MoreAp bio guided reading chapter 2 and 261372 Words   |  6 Pageswhere electrons are likely to be found. Electron: particle with a negative charge Neutron: a subatomic particle with no charge Electron shell: the energy level where electrons are likely to be found. Proton: subatomic particles with a positive charge. 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It attempts to describe and account for the properties of molecules and atoms and their constituents—electrons, protons, neutrons, and other more particles. This type of physics beginning as a set of controversial mathematical explanations of experiments that the math of classical mechanics could not explain. It began at the turn ofRead MoreGauge Bosons : Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution2354 Words   |  10 Pagesinteractions. Although at first glance it might seem that interaction and forces are interchangeable, they are not so. Strictly speaking, a force is the effect on a particle due to the presence of other particles. The interactions of a particle include all the forces that affect it, but also include decays and annihilations that the particle might go through. The four fundamental interaction are: electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear Gauge Bosons Two objects placed at a certain distance fromRead MoreEssay Investigation of Dark Matter2416 Words   |  10 Pagesthe missing mass of the universe; it has yet remained an unsolved mystery. Using different methods, scientists have tried to determine the mass of the universe and surprisingly found a discrepancy suggesting that ninety percent of the mass of the universe is nowhere to be found. Then here comes the term â€Å"dark matter†, referring to this unfound matter of the universe. It is called dark because it gives off no light and matter because it has to have some mass to be able toRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pages In 1859, Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence throughRead MoreEssay on The International Space Station1413 Words   |  6 Pagesover a long period of time are key for us to find out if we ever want to look into permanent colonization of space. â€Å"Unprotected presence in space is characterized by an intense radiation field (consisting primarily of protons and other subatomic charged particles from the solar wind, in addition to cosmic rays), high vacuum, extreme temperatures, and microgravity.† (Wiki). The loss of gravity can also have traumatic affect on the human body such as muscle loss and bone weakening. Different experimentsRead More Physics of Stars Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 Pagesthe star in the process. What happens is that four hydrogen nuclei collide creating one helium nucleus. Gamma ray radiation and two neutrinos are also created in this fusion process (Lochner, 1996). These two diagrams show the action of subatomic particles smashing into each other creating other elements and energy as a byproduct. Both of these pictures demonstrate the occurrence between the most common elements, hydrogen and helium, undergoing fusion. Sometimes when dealing with mathematical

Communicating Key Audit in Independent Audit Report-Free Samples

Question: What Communicating Key Audit in Independent Audit Report? Answer: Introduction ASA701 Communicating key Audit Matters in independent Audit report deals with the Auditors responsibility to convey or to communicate the key Audit matters in the Audit report. Key audit matters communicated for more transparency about the performance of audit. It also provide more information to the proposed user of the financial statements so that they can understand the matters, which in the auditors professional judgement were the most significant in the audit of financial statements. Communicating key audit matters to the proposed users also helps them to understand the entity and the areas of significant management judgement in the financial statements, which has been audited by the auditor. The reason for introduction of this standard is to provide greater transparency regarding entity and its management to the users of financial statements of the company Key audit matters are those matters that are significant and require full attention of the auditor in performing audit. Key audit matters communicated to those charged with governance. Determination of Key Audit Matter(KAM) These matters are determined by taking into account the following:- Areas of higher risk of material misstatements. Significant judgement of auditor, which relates to areas of the financial statements, which have significant judgement regarding management, also includes accounting estimates, which are identified as estimation of uncertainty. Effect, which occurs on the significant transaction and event during the period Need for ASA701 Requirement for need of ASA701 Communicating key audit matters in independent audit report is developed for better transparency and for providing more and detailed information to end users of the financial statements of the entity, so that users have the knowledge of the entity they are trusting in. This standard is required to develop auditing standard that have an apparent public interest centre of attention and are of the uppermost eminence. Collapse of Lehman Brothers Collapse of Lehman brothers was the biggest financial collapse in the year 2008.This collapse brings huge recession in the economy. This bankruptcy was the vibrant indication to the investors of distress in the market, which was extreme from the reason of the crunch In case of Lehman one of the largest investment bank, unpredictable government course of action amplified obscurity. Reasons, which led to collapse of Lehman brothers. There were numerous reasons that led to the collapse of Lehman Bros. The main cause for the collapse were the liberation on the subprime mortgage. Maximum of the U.S banks similar to Lehman Brothers grabbed benefit of the bang preceding to 2007 and stretched enormous subprime mortgage advance. Basically these subprime mortgage loans are extended to the customers who does not have good credit score, which on the other hand would not be accepted if the customer have poor credit score. The main characteristic of this subprime mortgage advance was the changeable interest rate. Later on, these changeable interest rates became trouble for the borrowers as the ability to pay back their credits were confronted, because adjustable interest rates were comparatively higher than the interest rates they were formerly disbursing on their borrowings. Unfortunately, prices of houses began to fall drastically, the investors were unaware of the situation, as the assurances given by the executives that fall in house prices will not affect the company and its investors were in their minds. However, the higher interest rates give rise to immense default in addition to low prices of houses, the firm made vast losses globally. This resulted in loss of trust of investors in other investment banks (Siskos, 2017) Two mistakes can be pointed out here is that firms failure to sort correct forecasts for the future and execute counter approach when market circumstances altered. Second point should be the negligence of top executives. They might have known these future alterations regarding loan scheme, but were busy in making their own profit or in other words misusing their positions Too much borrowing causing high leverages is another reason for bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. Other reason for the Lehman Brothers collapse was the perversion of the disclosure or revelation of repos transactions. Absence of competent and operational risk management policies also led to the collapse of Lehman Brother. Failed bail out and takeovers also led to the downfall of Lehman Brothers. The Firm faces huge Losses and this led to the disposal of some of their subsidiaries. Assets were disposed due to huge losses of around $3 billion in its second quarter. By September 2008, the Losses were around $4 billion, which make them to sell their shares. As investors lost confidence, stock prices lost its half of the value (Norbel, 2017). Briefly the causes of the collapse of Lehman brothers are:- Collapse of Lehman Brother headed to hard times in the action of numerous businesses in U.S and globally. Only in U.S Lehmans failure results in depreciation in price of properties. Lehmans collapse also results in writing off nearly $47 million debts owed to the Federal Agricultural Corporation. Losses of jobs in huge number were resulted from Lehmans demise. Firms stock prices falls, which had impact on the investment of the investor. This event had huge impact on its creditors and investors. Lehmans Bankruptcy had critical effects on some major companies and institutions outside United States and Europe who has big business with the Firm. Auditing issues surrounding the collapse of Lehmans Brother: Collapse of Lehman Brother was surrounded many audit issues such as external auditors fails to identify the occurrence of the timing of the repos transactions. Failure of external auditors to realise that Lehmans had broken generally accepted accounting principles i.e. obligation to make sure that all-important events that are probable to a firms financial statements should be revealed. In absence of acceptable and unambiguous standard to guide all these transactions critically contributed to Collapse of Lehman Brother. Failure of auditors by not identifying the financial misconducts by executives of Lehman (Fox, 2017). The auditors in the financial statements could easily identify the main pointers of deception. Downfall of Lehman Brother not only affected U.S economy but also resulted in financial crisis worldwide. Reasons which led to the Downfall has been discussed earlier also the auditing issues related to such downfall. In order to enhance the report quality, increment of transparency, and to increase the accountability to the users of the financial statements of the entity they are investing or dealing in resulted in the introduction of ASA701 communicating key audit matters in the independent audit report (Azadinamin, 2017) Lack of disclosure of consistent accounting policies, lack of communication of the material misstatements to those charged with governance, lack of unambiguous standard to guide all the transactions in Lehmans case, breach of generally accepted accounting standards calls for the introduction new accounting standard. Year 2008 was the phase of global financial crisis, which involves the perplexing situation for the companies and their auditors. Economic state of affairs were deteriorating markets were illiquid. There were complications in sustaining liquidity and retrieving funds through financial institutions, shares and asset sale. During this period there were problems for the auditors to obtain sufficient audit evidence. Auditors are likely to counter the rise in risk by increment in their professional suspicion. There were three approaches open for the auditors to accomplish audit risk:- Give resignation to the clients having higher risks. Increment in the susceptibility to issue modified audit report To increase the effort in auditing. Resigning from the risky clients were not so easy step. Hence, two approaches changes in the susceptibility to issue going concern modification and to increase the audit effort These situations burdened auditors with additional pressure because if auditors do not Point the key auditing matters to clients before they fail because this may become the Cause of penalties for auditors. Where there is a substantial uncertainty that their clients will stay as a going concern both ASA570 and ASA701 necessitate auditors to amend their audit judgement. Hence above mentioned circumstances resulted in introduction of new auditing standard ASA701 communicating key audit matters in the independent audit report. This standard ASA701 communicating key audit matters in independent audit report provides greater transparency, more information to the shareholders and investors. Requirements of ASA701: Users of financial statements shows more interest in the matters in which auditors has the vigorous communication with those charged with governance, as stated in SSA260. Necessitates auditors to communicate the key audit matters with those charged with governance, which not only is the reason for increased communication between auditors and with those charged with governance. Increased communication with those charged with governance will bring to the notice of management of the entity to revelations in the financial statements, which are referred in audit report. SSA 320 materiality in planning and performing the audit, clarifies that it is sound to the auditor to adopt that the users of financial statements : Having knowledge of the entity and economic activities of the entity and accounting of the entity and have the inclination to study the facts in financial statements with sound attentiveness. Apprehend that financial statements are equipped and audited considering materiality. Realisation of uncertainties involved in future estimations judgements and events. Making sound decisions based on the financial information of the financial statements (Audit reporting, 2017) Requirement of disclosure of key audit matters in case ASA701 is applicable to Lehman Brothers during that time: There should be transparency in the internal controls performed for the safekeeping of assets under prime brokerage. Lehman Brothers lacks transparency in their internal controls performance. Investor looks for assurance that the custodians of these assets perform proper internal controls related to assets under mortgage. There was lack of management, extent of monitoring liquidity risk. Lack of understanding of counterparty default risk, credit risk involved in the transactions. Non-disclosure of significant events and transactions in the financial statements of the firm, which lead to the breach of generally, accepted principles of accounting. Financial misconduct by executives of Lehman is the key audit matter. Identification of timing of 105 repos transaction could be communicated to those charged with governance. Extreme losses need to be communicated and disclosed in the audit report. Lack of correct forecast to be gathered with counter approach to the changed market condition. Risk involved in prime mortgage loan. These Key audit matters are required to be disclosed in independent audit report. Each key audit matter should be separately disclosed. Key audit matter should be separately disclosed under subheading in the audit report. This will be an improvement in auditing practises as it enhances the transparency in internal controls, communication between auditor and management and provide additional information, which helps the investors and shareholders to have knowledge about the entity. The importance of the key audit matter in regard to the audit of financial statement may be recognized by association between key audit matter and other essentials of audit report. Collapse of Lehman Brothers was not forewarned in the auditors report which gave and unqualified report before its collapse because auditors were failed to identify the timing of repos transaction, they failed to identify the credit risk involved and materiality of the transactions, they failed to identify the financial misconduct mad by the executives of the Lehman. After introduction ASA701 communication of key audit matters in independent audit report not only increase the quality of audit work as well as enhance the auditors effort to determine the significant audit matter and to make disclosure of those in audit report as well as communication with those charged with governance. Conclusion:- From the collapse of Lehman brothers following points of failures have been highlighted: Poor political actions, 105repos transactions, failed bailouts, poor management, poor financial practises, liquidity crunch, non-disclosures of significant transactions and events in financial statements and failed auditing practises. This downfall was one of the biggest downfall in the history of U.S economy which also have a huge impact on global economy as well, which necessitates the introduction of ASA701 communicating key audit matters in independent audit report. Auditor should communicate the key audit matter, which was disclosed in the report with those charged with governance. Downfall of Lehman not only applies to financial service industry but it also provides the lessons about corporate governance that relate to all companies. Recommendation would be to be practical and pursue reasonable business approach. Enforcement of strict regulatory measures that is the investment banks should act in accordance with their factual financial capability in place of deceiving anyone in order to acquire financial support. Investment banks should have controllable leverage ratios. To retain the investor confidence is a big deal, this can be achieved through strict lawful and authoritarian framework. Lehman acted immorally by breaching reliability of standards in its use and violating accounting requisite by manipulating financial statements. Apart from the above Lehman were lacking risk management practises and flexible capital structure. The new audit standard ASA701 was developed in the wake of the global financial crisis in particular of Lehman brothers. References Norbel , M(2017).Lehman brothers. [online] Available at: https://www.heritage.org/report/lehman-brothers-bankruptcy-and-the-financial-crisis-lessons-learnedhtml [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[1] Siskos, D(2017).Lehman brothers case. [online] Available at: https://www.thinkingfinance.info/uploads/1/7/7/1/17713111/dimitrios_siskos.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[2] Auditing ans Assurance standards board [online]ASA 701 Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2006L01403 [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[3] Siskos, D(2017).Lehman brothers case. [online] Available at: https://www.thinkingfinance.info/uploads/1/7/7/1/17713111/dimitrios_siskos.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[4] Lehman brother bankruptcy(2017).Lehman brothers. [online] Available at: https://www.pwc.com/jg/en/events/lessons-learned-for-the-survivors.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[5] Fox, J(2017).Three lessons of the Lehman brothers collapse . [online] Available at: https://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1923197,00.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[6] Audit Reporting(2017).ASA 701 [online] Available at: https://www.ifac.org/system/files/meetings/files/20140311-IAASBCAG-Agenda_Item_C1-Auditor_Reporting-Key_Audit_Matters-final.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[7] Fox, J(2017).Three lessons of the Lehman brothers collapse . [online] Available at: https://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1923197,00.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[8] Azadinamin, A(2017).The bakruptcy of lehman and brothers. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230687440_The_Bankruptcy_of_Lehman_Brothers_Causes_of_Failure_Recommendations_Going_Forward [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[9] Mewtour , M(2017). Failure of Lehman brothers. [online] Available at: https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RJFA/article/viewFile/11290/11598 [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[10] Audit Reporting(2017).ASA 701 [online] Available at: https://www.ifac.org/system/files/meetings/files/20140311-IAASBCAG-Agenda_Item_C1-Auditor_Reporting-Key_Audit_Matters-final.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[11]